A detailed description of Common Core Standards for language arts (ELA) can be found here. Students also have a "student friendly" version of the standards in their Collections book or via their Collections online account. Please feel free to email me if you would like a copy of these standards.
There are four skill areas that we try to develop in language arts: reading, writing, speaking/listening, and language. Each area has 6 or 10 initial standards. Each of these standards can be broken into 2 or more more specific standards. The goal of the course is to gain proficiency, but please remember that skill-based standards are different from knowledge-based standards, so your child might show proficient on standard Wr. 2 for one assignment and only show "emergent" on the same standard for another assignment.
For the purposes of my class, I've tried to generalize the standards so that I don't spend a million years trying to create rubrics for every assignment. You can view a general rubric of standards here.